Un estudio dado a conocer en Cell Metabolism ha identificado el mecanismo cerebral mediante el cual una proteína llamada SIRT1 retrasa el envejecimiento y aumenta la longevidad. Ambos efectos se asocian también con una dieta baja en calorías, según exponen los autores, de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Washington (EE UU).
En concreto, el trabajo revela que la sirtuina SIRT1 en ratones promueve la actividad neuronal en zonas muy específicas del hipotálamo del cerebro que desencadenan cambios físicos radicales en el músculo esquelético y aumentan el vigor, la energía y la longevidad. La consecuencia es que, si se le somete a una modificación genética que le hace producir en exceso la proteína SIRT1, un ratón de 12 meses de edad (el equivalente a 70 años en humanos) se muestra tan activo como correspondería a un roedor de tan solo 5 meses. Los ratones con dosis extra de SIRT1 también mostraron un aumento de la temperatura corporal, del consumo de oxígeno y de la actividad física nocturna en comparación con individuos de su misma edad.
Asimismo, se observó un retraso en la muerte por cáncer en los ratones con exceso de SIRT1 frente a los roedores control. Imai ha explicado que el perfil de la longevidad y la salud en estos animales parece ser el resultado de un retraso en el momento en que comienza el declive relacionado con la edad, y no un cambio en el ritmo de envejecimiento.
Si se confirma que el efecto es el mismo en humanos, esta terapia génica podría añadir 13 o 14 años de vida en mujeres y 7 años en hombres.
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