Experimentos revierten síndrome de Down en ratones

Washington, EUA – Investigadores estadounidenses identificaron una molécula que permite revertir el síndrome de Down en ratones de laboratorio recién nacidos, según un estudio divulgado el miércoles.

El mismo podría allanar el camino para tratamientos en seres humanos.

Una simple dosis de una sustancia experimental hace que el cerebelo de estos roedores se desarrolle normalmente y aumente su capacidad de memoria y aprendizaje, explican los científicos, cuyo estudio fue publicado en la revista Science Translational Medicine.

“La mayoría de las personas con el síndrome de Down tienen un cerebelo que es un 60% del tamaño normal”, afirmó. el doctor Roger Reeves, de la Universidad Johns Hopkins, uno de los principales autores de este estudio.

“Esta molécula ha normalizado completamente el crecimiento del cerebelo de ratones” genéticamente modificados para reproducir una anomalía genética como el síndrome de Down, dijo.

“Fuimos capaces de hacer crecer normalmente el cerebelo en la etapa adulta con una sola inyección”, explicó, pero advirtió contra el uso de esta sustancia en humanos con esta enfermedad, ya que su seguridad no ha sido probada.

La inyección también supuso beneficios inesperados en el aprendizaje y la memoria, normalmente manejados por una parte distinta del cerebro, la conocida como hipocampo.

ratones

Estos experimentos con ratones son potencialmente prometedores para el desarrollo de tratamientos con efectos similares, indicaron los autores de este trabajo. Sin embargo, ajustar el tratamiento para uso humano será complicado, ya que alterar el crecimiento del cerebro podría llevar a consecuencias indeseadas, como desencadenar un cáncer.

E incluso si se pueden desarrollar tratamientos clínicos similares éstos no permitirán “curar” los efectos negativos de esta enfermedad en la memoria, advirtieron los investigadores.

“El síndrome de Down es muy complejo, y nadie piensa que exista una varita mágica que normalice (los problemas de) cognición. Se necesitan múltiples enfoques”, concluyó.

Actualmente no hay cura para el síndrome de Down, causado por la presencia de un cromosoma adicional, lo que conlleva una copia extra de más de 300 genes y provoca discapacidades intelectuales, gestos faciales distintivos y otros problemas de salud.

En la medida en que este síndrome involucra muchos genes, el desarrollo de un tratamiento es un gran desafío, dijo Reeves.

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