Cuando un ser humano ataca a otro, lo habitual es que las neuronas espejo del cerebro se activen para ponerse en el lugar de su adversario (empatía), “sentir su dolor” , de esa forma, evitar que le hagamos daño. De hecho, la empatía es considerada la principal inhibidora de la violencia. Es más, los neurocientíficos aseguran que normalmente no llegamos siquiera a infligir daño a los que nos rodean porque dos zonas concretas del cerebro -la corteza cingulada anterior y la ínsula- nos anticipan el dolor y la sensación de rechazo social que sufrimos cuando nos comportamos de manera agresiva.
Lo malo es que algunos hábitos pueden “anestesiar” nuestra capacidad de ser empáticos y volvernos insensibles al sufrimiento ajeno. Así por ejemplo, un estudio de la Universidad de Columbia (EE UU) publicado hace poco en PLoS ONE desvelaba que las personas que habitualmente ven películas violentas o juegan a videojuegos con un exceso de agresividad tienen las zonas que suprimen el comportamiento agresivo (el córtex prefrontal) menos activas. Y todo porque ver violencia nos vuelve más insensibles a nuestra propia agresividad.
Por otra parte, parece que no todos los cerebros funcionan igual en lo que a violencia se refiere. Michael Koemigs y sus colegas de la Universidad de Wisconsin-Madison (EE UU) han identificado que los psicópatas cuentan con menor número de conexiones entre la corteza prefrontal ventromedial, responsable de la empatía y la culpa, y la amígdala, donde residen el miedo y la ansiedad. Este “cortocircuito” cerebral implicaría una pérdida de la capacidad de regular el comportamiento emocional, y podría explicar la aparente “frialdad” con la que estos sujetos reaccionan ante sus propios crímenes.
Fuente: muyinteresante.es
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