El peso de la mochila no debe ser mayor del 10% del peso corporal, pero más de un tercio de los niños supera este límite cada día. En España, cerca del 51% de los chicos y el 69% de las chicas ya han padecido dolor de espalda antes de los 15 años
Coincidiendo con el comienzo del curso escolar, la Organización Médica Colegial (OMC) y laFundación Kovacs han presentado una nueva edición de la Campaña de Prevención del Dolor de Espalda entre los Escolares Españoles.
Esta campaña educa sobre la manera de reducir el efecto de los factores que se asocian a un mayor riesgo de sufrir dolor de espalda, como elexcesivo peso del material escolar que los niños cargan diariamente, la incorrecta manera de transportarlo, la inactividad física, la práctica inadecuada de deporte a nivel competitivo, o elmobiliario escolar inadecuado.
Según afirma el presidente de la OMC, el doctor Juan José Rodríguez Sendín, “es importante prevenir y tomar medidas antes de que aparezcan los problemas o incluso que aumenten. Está demostrado que con las políticas de educación y prevención entre los niños y jóvenes se consigue, un ahorro de costes ya que las dolencias de espalda, dada su elevada frecuencia, tienen un impacto económico en la sanidad pública”.
Esta iniciativa comprende la edición de un nuevo monográfico del Tebeo de la Espalda, sobre qué hacer para tener una espalda sana en el colegio, realizado por el ilustrador Adolfo Arranz.
A través del personaje del doctor Espalda y mediante viñetas atractivas y de fácil comprensión, se facilita a los menores los conocimientos fundamentales para la salud de su espalda.
Esta campaña está financiada íntegramente por la Fundación Kovacs, que cede gratuitamente los derechos de copia del tebeo a las Consejerías de Sanidad y Educación. Además, colegios, familias y los propios niños pueden descargarlo gratuitamente desde la Web de la OMC (www.cgcom.es) y la Web de la Espalda de la Fundación Kovacs (www.espalda.org).
Pautas para prevenir los dolores de espalda en el colegio
Actualmente, en España, cerca del 51% de los chicos y el 69% de las chicas menores de 15 años ya han padecido dolor de espalda alguna vez en su vida. Esto limita sus actividades diarias y aumenta el riesgo de padecerlo de forma crónica en la edad adulta. Concretamente, la incidencia de estas dolencias aumenta a partir de los 10 años, por lo que la campaña se centra en escolares menores de esta edad.
El transporte de un peso excesivo en las carteras y mochilas constituye uno de los factores asociados a sufrir dolor de espalda, especialmente cuanto mayor sea el tiempo de transporte y peor el estado muscular del niño. El presidente de la Fundación Kovacs, Francisco Kovacs, destaca que “el peso de la mochila no debe superar el 10% del peso corporal del escolar, sin embargo, los datos disponibles reflejan que como mínimo un tercio de los escolares superan ese límite”.
Por ello, propone como alternativa a la mochila tradicional aquellas que tienen ruedas, ya que si el estudiante tiene que cargar lo mejor es que la espalda no soporte ese peso.
Estudios internacionales demuestran que el dolor de espalda es menos frecuente entre los escolares que disponen de taquillas en sus colegios, al permitirles transportar menos peso y con menos frecuencia, y entre aquellos que están en mejor estado físico, pues una mayor y más entrenada musculatura reduce la influencia negativa del excesivo peso de la mochila.
Por último, cabe señalar la importancia de un adecuado mobiliario escolar. “Las sillas y pupitres deben ser de altura regulable de modo que se ajusten a la talla de los escolares para que les permita cumplir las normas de higiene postural, como sentarse lo más atrás posible en la silla con la espalda recta y los codos apoyados”, afirma Kovacs.
La importancia demostrada del ejercicio físico
Numerosos estudios científicos realizados en diferentes países han reflejado que padecer dolencias de espalda durante la adolescencia aumenta el riesgo de sufrirlas de forma crónica al ser adulto.
Realizar actividad física desde edades tempranas es fundamental para reducir ese riesgo y, además, para que la columna vertebral adquiera su forma definitiva.
Tal y como apunta el doctor Kovacs, el deporte sólo puede causar problemas cuando se realiza a nivel competitivo, “en un contexto en el que ganar es más importante que realizar una actividad saludable, y si el entrenamiento es inadecuado y se repite con mucha intensidad. Por eso, ese riesgo no es en una excusa para no hacer deporte, sino que enfatiza la importancia de asegurar que cumplan las instrucciones de sus entrenadores para reducir el riesgo de lesiones y asegurar un desarrollo equilibrado de su musculatura”.
Fuente: efesalud.com/
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