Las horas de sueño profundo refuerzan la memoria

En la víspera de un examen es común escuchar que es mejor irse a dormir que pasar la noche en vela estudiando, ya que el sueño sirve para consolidar lo aprendido. El refuerzo de la memoria durante la noche ya había sido probado científicamente, pero ha sido una nueva investigación de la Universidad de Brown (EE UU) la que ha revelado que esta actividad cerebral se produce durante la fase del sueño de onda lenta y no durante la fase REM. 

 

La investigación partió del análisis exhaustivo de la actividad cerebral nocturna de nueve participantes para establecer una medición de referencia. Durante la segunda etapa del experimento, los nueve tuvieron que aprender una secuencia concreta de golpes de dedos. A cuatro de ellos se les permitió dormir, mientras que a los otros seis se les mantuvo despiertos como grupo de control. Ambos sectores tuvieron que reproducir la secuencia horas después, resultando los participantes en vela menos habilidosos y precisos a la hora de ejecutarla.

Sueño

El análisis electromagnético concluyó que los cambios cerebrales se originaban en el área motora suplementaria de la corteza cerebral y que se producían durante la fase de onda lenta, una fase de sueño profundo que precede a la fase REM en la que las ondas cerebrales son amplias y el ritmo respiratorio muy lento.

“El sueño no es sólo una pérdida de tiempo. Es una actividad intensiva para el cerebro que ayuda a consolidar el aprendizaje, porque hay más energía disponible o porque las distracciones son menores”, explicaba Yuka Sasaki, coautor del estudio, a la agencia de noticias SINC.

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