Se nace Asperger. Y no se puede evitar. Es una alteración en el neurodesarrollo de origen no conocido que afecta, básicamente, a la comunicación y a la relación con los otros porque les es difícil interpretar la realidad tal y como lo hace el resto. «Usted entra en esta habitación y en seguida sabe que está en una consulta porque es capaz de poner en relación todos sus elementos. A un Asperger le cuesta hacerlo porque ve las cosas una a una de forma aislada: una mesa, un ordenador, una bata blanca, una camilla, y no los puede relacionar para extraer un significado global», explica Inmaculada Palazón, psicóloga clínica del servicio de Pediatría del Hospital General. Tampoco pueden interpretar el lenguaje gestual. «Algo físico, como un reloj, siempre es lo que es, pero una sonrisa no. Puede mostrar ironía, complicidad, cortesía, burla, y todo ese mundo sutil, interpretativo, les cuesta descifrarlo porque no tienen, como nosotros, el código que les permita hacerlo. No procesan igual la información. No saben interpretar los gestos».
Se caracterizan también por no tener empatía, y esa incapacidad para ponerse en la piel del otro, prever su reacción o anticipar su intención les hace muy inocentes y vulnerables. Junto a ello, son extraordinariamente honrados y sinceros. Dicen siempre lo que piensan porque no se plantean que la verdad pueda molestar u ofender, y esa sinceridad causa problemas a nivel social porque la gente los ve como niños maleducados.
A todo ello se añade, según Palazón, sus problemas con las complejidades y las sutilezas del lenguaje verbal, ya que sólo entienden los significados literales de las frases. Si una madre le dice a su hijo: «No puedes salir solo», él le replicará una y otra vez que sí puede, y tendría razón, porque impedimentos físicos no hay, lo que pasa es que la madre no le deja.
Al contrario de lo que les ocurre con el lenguaje verbal y no verbal, se manejan muy bien con las imágenes y tienen muy buena memoria visual. Por eso, en la etapa infantil, les son muy útiles las agendas compuestas por secuencias de pictogramas con las tareas a realizar en cada momento del día. «Les da mucha tranquilidad organizarse así porque los conceptos temporales abstractos los llevan fatal. Los dibujos les ayudan a saber qué tienen que hacer y a no sentirse perdidos».
Según Inmaculada Palazón, «el Asperger siempre se da en personas con una capacidad intelectual media- alta, y cuando algo les interesa, se dedican a ello con tal intensidad que son muy buenos en lo que hacen». Según los últimos estudios, el grado de prevalencia ha aumentado en los últimos años. Una de cada cien personas presenta este trastorno, una cifra «muy elevada», según la psicóloga.
Un diagnóstico precoz y un programa de atención psicoeducativo específico, son las claves para enseñarles a vivir en un mundo que no pueden interpretar como lo hace la mayoría. Acaban aprendiendo a usar nuestros códigos, aunque sigan siendo extraños para ellos, y su evolución, mayoritariamente, es buena.
La discapacidad invisible
Inmaculada Palazón llama al Asperger «el transtorno oscuro» porque para diagnosticarlo no existen marcadores biológicos que permitan identificarlo mediante pruebas médicas, y la evaluación ha de hacerse valorando las manifestaciones observadas: «Uno de los problemas es la ausencia de diagnóstico. Hay muchos Asperger que no saben que lo son hasta la edad adulta y muchos otros están sin diagnosticar porque los profesionales de los ámbitos médico y educativo tienen un gran desconocimiento sobre el tema. Se quedan con que son raros, consentidos o malcriados».
En este sentido, la etapa escolar es muy importante para, por un lado, detectar posibles casos y, por otro, para saber lo que son y poder ayudarles a evolucionar. «Los colegios son nuestro principal caballo de batalla, junto a la necesidad de que se les conozca y el Asperger deje de ser la discapacidad invisible» asegura Ezkarne Carazo, presidenta de la Asociación Asperger Alicante (ASPALI).
«Todos tienen problemas en el cole. Los profesores no suelen saber nada sobre el tema. Estamos cansados de oír cosas como ‘a tu hijo no le pasa nada’, que están malcriados o son maleducados. En Educación infantil podría ser comprensible, porque podrían confundirse los síntomas con timidez o inmadurez, pero en Primaria cuando un niño tiene Asperger es evidente. Si es que se sabe lo que es, claro», cuenta la presidenta.
Gema Morant, psicóloga de la asociación, añade que, a pesar de la importancia de una detección precoz, «hay pocos profesionales que se atrevan a diagnosticarlo en edades tempranas por el miedo a ponerles etiquetas cuando son muy pequeños. Debería hacerse, pero no se hace».
Acoso escolar
Una de las iniciativas de ASPALI consiste precisamente en acudir a los colegios que lo solicitan para explicar qué es el Asperger y cómo tratar a los niños que lo padecen. «Luchamos por sensibilizar a la comunidad escolar, no sólo a los profesores, sino también a los niños porque la inmensa mayoría de los Asperger padece acoso escolar. No les entienden, los ven raros, y no les respetan».
Junto a la concienciación, la asociación aboga por introducir en los centros adaptaciones metodológicas «que no tienen por qué ser curriculares, ya que pueden asumir los contenidos como los demás, sólo que son más lentos».
Algunas medidas sencillas pero que les ayudaría mucho sería darles más tiempo para hacer los exámenes, o procurar que las preguntas sean claras. «Fallan no porque no sepan la respuesta, sino porque no saben qué se les está preguntando», señala Ezkarne Carazo.
No obstante, la realidad es que no existe un protocolo de actuación en el actual sistema educativo y el grado de intervención depende de la sensibilidad de cada profesor y cada centro escolar.
ASPALI cuenta con 155 asociados en la provincia de Alicante y desarrolla, entre otras iniciativas, una Escuela de Padres, y terapias individuales o grupales con las que intentan suplir las carencias del sistema público. «Nacimos para dar respuesta a una necesidad. Hay familias que vienen muy desesperadas, pero cuando se dan cuenta de que no son los únicos y que les entendemos, todo cambia mucho», añade.
Fuente: lasprovincias.es, en Espaciologopedigo.com
Coming off of last year’s 69-win season, and the previous season’s September from hell, fans were understandably hesitant to accept that this year’s squad was actually good at playing baseball, and wasn’t just a mirage. Even well after the All Star break, there were many people who feared to get their hopes too high, just to have them dashed once again by another epic collapse. At this point though, with the team rolling through contender after contender, it’s tough not to get excited about this team. It took awhile – and again, it was understandable given recent history – but playoff fever has spread through the city, and the division looks like it should be Boston’s. However, that’s just not good enough for me, so allow me to push it to the next level. Among the contenders in any given MLB season, the difference between the teams are very small. That being said, there is a solid case that can be made to say that the Red Sox are the best team in baseball.
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Boston still reigns supreme beyond just wins and losses, though. Since there is a lot of random noise throughout a baseball season, some people prefer to look at run differential to see which teams are truly the best. In this area, the [url=http://actsharadapublicschool.org/jerseys/Custom-NFL-Jerseys.html]Custom NFL Jerseys[/url] Red Sox are still the best, [url=http://actsharadapublicschool.org/jerseys/Custom-NFL-Jerseys.html]Customized NFL Jerseys[/url] as their +182 differential is 13 runs better than Detroit, the next best team. A big reason for holding down the top spot is the lineup, who happens to be the owner of the most runs in the game. They have been able to put up so many runs by working the count and getting on base. The team’s .350 OBP leads all MLB teams, and their 9.3 percent walk-rate trails only Tampa Bay’s. This has helped offset any potential negative effects from their 20.5 percent K-rate, the ninth highest in the game. Looking at their total offensive production, wRC+ (which takes park effects into consideration) rates the group as 14 percent above league average, just one point worse than Detroit’s lineup.
To go along with the elite offense, the Red Sox have put together a pitching staff that, while not quite as good as the offense, is still at least above average. As a unit, they’ve struck out the fifth-highest percentage of the batters they’ve faced, though that’s gone along with also walking the fifth-highest percentage. Put together, the pitching staff has the 12th best ERA and FIP. However, they start to look better after adjusting for the parks in which they pitch, as the team’s ERA- is 5th in baseball, and the FIP- is tied for the second best mark in the game, behind Detroit. To aid this pitching staff, they’ve also put together a team riddled with plus-defenders, and no true black holes – at least when is on the bench.
Photo Courtesy of Jared Wickerham
Of course, the Red Sox have been able to get to this point thanks to a tremendous amount of depth, masterfully assembled by Ben Cherington this offseason. This is especially true of the offense. Of the 12 players who have amassed at least 150 plate appearances this year (including ), 11 of them have been above-average with the bat, using wRC+ as a barometer of this. The one guy who has been below-average is , and all he’s done since being called back up from Pawtucket on August 10 is hit .308/.371/.519. Of these same 12 players, all but Middlebrooks can also boast an on-base percentage higher than the league average, which is currently at .318. Finally, even though their power isn’t at all their strongest point, they still have four players – , , and Middlebrooks – who have isolated powers over .200. isn’t far behind, either, at .189.
This depth isn’t only in the lineup though, since the rotation can boast six guys who can [url=http://bangalorewebhosting.com/SEO-services/Arizona-Cardinals-Jerseys-For-Cheap.html]Arizona Cardinals Jerseys For Cheap[/url] [url=http://blueopal.in/jerseys-for-cheap.html]authentic jerseys for cheap[/url] hold down a starter’s spot. Five of those guys – , , , and – have all been above average in 2013. The worst ERA- of that group belongs to Doubront, with a 94 mark, and Peavy’s 93 FIP- is the group’s worst. While the league-average starter strikes out 18.8 percent of the batters they face, all of the six starters other than Peavy have eclipsed that mark with the Red Sox. As for Peavy, who was acquired at the trade deadline, he has struck out just over 15 percent of his opponents since the trade. However, that number is much lower than what he typically puts up, and his full-season rate is currently a shade above 20 percent. The only blemish on this team is the bullpen, and even that is headed by one , who just may be the best reliever in baseball this season, and has retired his last 37 batters.
As is the nature of baseball, fans of the , and could also probably make very solid cases for their favorite team to be the best in the game. Once the playoffs start, it doesn’t matter all that much, since being the superior team is far from a guarantee of a championship. That being said, the Red Sox could very well have the strongest case for being MLB’s best team, and that is nothing to sneeze at. They have an [url=http://blueopal.in/jerseys-for-cheap.html]authentic jerseys wholesale[/url] amazing amount of depth, both in their lineup and rotation, and that will go a long way in the playoffs. After their recent history, this is a nice change of pace, and a good step towards raising another flag next spring.
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