Empatía: dícese de la «identificación mental y afectiva de un sujeto con el estado de ánimo de otro». Ponerse en la piel del prójimo y ser capaz de comprenderle a él y sus circunstancias. Una manifestación de humanidad e inteligencia clave en la convivencia y, se crea o no, también en los negocios. La ONCE lo sabe bien y ha reclutado a tres conspicuos empresarios y ejecutivos, Ferran Adrià, gloria coquinaria mundial, Marcos de Quinto, presidente de Coca-Cola Iberia, y María Garaña, presidenta de Microsoft Ibérica, convirtiéndolos durante unas horas en discapacitados. Empatía forzada para lanzar un mensaje a los empleadores: que una minusvalía física o sensorial no sepulta la creatividad, el talento ni las ganas de trabajar.
Lo saben bien los coprotagonistas de la historia. Juan Carlos, Virgina y Carlos, jóvenes, sobradamente preparados y expertos saltadores de obstáculos. Gente que lucha contra su propio organismo y vence. Que enfrenta trabas sociales, laborales, y vence. Gente que saca petróleo de las oportunidades recibidas. Como ellos hay miles esperando la suya. El documental ‘Capacitados’ -www.capacitados.org-, del programa XTalento de la Fundación ONCE, cuenta este relato a seis bandas. Para que cunda el ejemplo.
El cerebro de El Bulli quería saber cómo se sentía un sordo y lo supo. Tapones, auriculares y… silencio absoluto. Es, dicen, la incapacidad sensorial más aislante. Adrià se transforma de pronto en un extraño en su propio reino. Abstraído, ausente mientras su equipo danza y ejecuta sortilegios culinarios alrededor. «Realmente no se enteraba de nada», afirma Carlos Formoso, su guía en esta aventura. Discapacitado auditivo de nacimiento, un reciente implante coclear le ha cambiado la vida. Mucho antes se había licenciado como ingeniero técnico informático y máster en diseño de tecnologías de la información. Trabaja en Ibermática. «Llevo luchando toda mi vida para superar las metas que me he propuesto», explica vía email; las conversaciones telefónicas aún se le resisten.
Esa larga brega a contracorriente se aprecia durante su experiencia en El Bulli. Carlos está cómodo, maravillado por las texturas imposibles de los platos de Adrià. Éste, en cambio, apenas logra entender ni hacerse comprender.
La pregunta es, ¿sería Ferran Adrià el que es, visionario y genial, de haber nacido sordo? El superchef no lo duda. «En el apartado creativo creo de verdad que no habría el menor problema», contesta también gracias al correo electrónico, víctima él de una agenda sobrecargada. «Cuando hacemos creatividad hablamos poco. Las sensaciones que uno percibe, lo que uno siente al probar una receta se puede transmitir con la mirada», ilustra. La moraleja para quienes, como Adrià, están en disposición de dar empleo, es que las limitaciones físicas o sensoriales son salvables. Importan más las ganas, el empuje, la originalidad, y de eso muchos discapacitados van sobrados, a fuerza de luchar por hacerse un hueco.
Los niños pequeños se tapan los ojos cuando tienen miedo. Es su forma de desaparecer. Si no veo, no me ven. «Yo también tuve esa misma sensación de invisibilidad», recuerda Marcos de Quinto. Sumido en la negrura absoluta de un antifaz opaco, el presidente de Coca-Cola Iberia recuperó por unas horas el resto de los sentidos, que suelen quedar eclipsados en las personas videntes por el poderoso estímulo visual.
«En esos momentos lo relevante es el tacto, la voz, las texturas, otras sensaciones totalmente distintas», refiere De Quinto. Como lazarillo ocasional, Virginia Carcedo, vitoriana «de treintaytantos», sonríe al recordar el error básico de las personas sometidas a un experiento similar. «La gente intenta enfocar la mirada», a pesar de que con los ojos vendados no hay nada que ver. Ésa es una simple anécdota. No lo son las dificultades reales con las que tropiezan los ciegos o las personas de visión mermada en el acceso al mercado de trabajo.
Virginia nació sietemesina y la incubadora acabó con la poca luz que traían sus ojos. Ha crecido y vivido así. Recibió una educación integrada, igual a la de cualquier niño ‘normal’. Hoy trabaja en la Fundación ONCE y desde esa atalaya ve cómo la sociedad española empieza a enderezar el rumbo y a aprovechar mejor el potencial laboral de los discapacitados. La discapacidad, dice, « ya no se percibe como un problema individual sino colectivo». Aun así, falta mucho para una integración total, que se resiste también por puro desconocimiento. Virginia lamenta que muchos empresarios no les contraten «simplemente porque ignoran que haya tanta gente bien formada entre las personas como nosotros».
«Hace falta más conciencia. Los incentivos (fiscales y de cotizaciones a la contratación de discapacitados) son siempre bienvenidos, pero hay empresas que tienen muchos empleados con discapacidad porque es rentable, porque realmente hacen un buen trabajo, igual o mejor que personas sin discapacidad. Ése es el mejor incentivo», refrenda el presidente de Coca-Cola.
Juan Carlos Martínez, 31 años, transita por la vida en silla de ruedas. Lo clásico, un accidente de coche le dejó parapléjico. Padre reciente y técnico del departamento de Cooperación de la Fundación ONCE, es un hombre sin miedo, bien cualificado. No olvida, sin embargo, que hubo entrevistas de trabajo que se le atragantaron por una simple escalera. Para María Garaña, presidenta de Microsoft Ibérica, atada durante una jornada a una silla de ruedas, ése es otro lastre con el que cargan tantos discapacitados. «Muchas veces el impedimento no es su valía intelectual o profesional», sino que «el mundo te hace recordar que eres discapacitado», apostilla. A veces con trabas tan tontas como un bordillo mal puesto, una zanja insalvable, o la rampa con la que se peleó la ejecutiva durante su experiencia como minusválida.
Peores que las trincheras urbanísticas son las barreras sociales. «Que tanta gente crea aún que las personas con discapacidad no podemos valernos por nosotros mismos», apunta Juan Carlos. Antes de partir veloz sobre dos ruedas, deja un dato como corolario. «La mayoría de los empresarios que nos contratan suele repetir». Y con un grado de satisfacción del 70 al 80%, certifican en la Fundación ONCE
Ferran Adrià y los presidentes de Coca-Cola y Microsoft dejan de oír, ver y andar por un día para mostrar el potencial laboral de los discapacitados en una campaña de la Fundación ONCE
Fuente: Eldiariomontanes.es (España)
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