En el país hay más de 5 millones y medio de personas con discapacidad, de las cuales 1 millón 167 mil están trabajando, pero no siempre obtienen remuneración y por lo general su sueldo no cubre sus necesidades.
La Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación en México 2010 revela que más de la mitad de los discapacitados no reciben un sueldo suficiente; la mayor parte de sus ingresos provienen de fuentes ajenas a su empleo y sólo 43.9% de los varones obtiene la mayoría de sus ganancias del empleo. Ese indicador se reduce a 18% en las mujeres.
Gerardo Rodríguez, profesionista que quedó parapléjico en un accidente hace dos años, dice que a partir de ese momento sus gastos se elevaron más de 50%.
“En lo que principalmente he tenido que gastar es en reacondicionar mi casa y cosas muy básicas como la parte médica como con operaciones, equipo para rehabilitarme, medicamentos, artículos de higiene, etc”, abundó.
Para estas personas recibir educación formal y obtener trabajo como profesionista es una ilusión que normalmente no se hace realidad. Los datos más recientes publicados por el INEGI señalan que sólo 3.6% termina los estudios superiores.
Su imposibilidad de participar en la economía y aportar su fuerza de trabajo, se debe a varias causas: enfermedades no atendidas, opciones de educación, exclusión en las empresas, inaccesibilidad de los medios de transporte y falta de infraestructura urbana.
Algunas formas en que se discrimina a las estas personas se dan a través de maneras más sutiles como la segregación y aislamiento que resultan de la imposición de barreras físicas y sociales.
“Lo desafortunado es que en la mayoría de los casos no te dan la oportunidad de demostrar que tú puedes realizar tus actividades de una manera normal, como cualquier otro. Hay una discriminación sutil”, explicó Rodríguez.
Visión de costo-beneficio
Armando Ruiz, de la ONG Grupo de Personas con Discapacidad Organizadas Convencidas de Evolucionar, opina que la negativa de las empresas se debe a una desinformación generalizada en torno al tema de la discapacidad, pues en gran parte de los negocios: “piensan que se trata de una cuestión de costo-beneficio, sin saber que pueden tener ventajas, por ejemplo, en el tema fiscal”.
Francisco Cisneros, secretario técnico del Conadis, reconoce que esta segregación laboral “existe, y es una visión generalizada”, pero también asegura que cada vez hay más empresarios interesados en este sector como una inversión.
Instancias como la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPS) y oficinas estatales de empleo, y agencias como Manpower y Bumeran cuentan con programas para este grupo social.
Elizabeth Camarillo, directora de responsabilidad social de Manpower, dijo a MILENIO que cuenta con un programa llamado Caminemos Juntos para integrar laboralmente a este sector, que de 2001 a la fecha ha insertado al mercado laboral a 3 mil 500 personas.
El secretario técnico del Conadis asegura que nuestra sociedad se encuentra en “un parte aguas histórico” en este tema, pero reconoce la necesidad de “hacer una ley con dientes. Hoy por hoy no castigan a nadie. Si excluyes, está Conapred, pero no no hay facultad para sancionar”, concluyó.
Fuente: Milenio Online
Reporta: Shagal Cacho López
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