Los bebés aprenden sus primeras palabras durante el embarazo

Si estás acompañado de una mujer embarazada, no profieras demasiados insultos. Durante la última etapa del embarazo, el feto puede escuchar y retener los sonidos que le llegan a través del vientre materno según un estudio de la Universidad de Helsinki (Finlandia). Los recién nacidos podrían incluso reconocer pseudopalabras aprendidas durante su gestación.

En el estudio, los científicos emplearon sensores encefalográficos para registrar la actividad cerebral de los bebés en el área encargada de la memoria. El experimento se iniciaba en el último trimestre del embarazo, durante el cual la gestante debía reproducir varias veces a la semana una pista de audio con sonidos y voces humanas. Cuando estos bebés nacieron, se les sometió a la escucha de la misma secuencia de sonido y mostraron una señal neuronal de reconocimiento, a diferencia de los bebés del grupo de control. También mostraron más habilidad en la detección de diferencias entre sílabas, tales como la longitud vocálica.

 

Embarazo

Investigaciones anteriores ya habían revelado la existencia del aprendizaje intrauterino, aunque no de forma concluyente. Un estudio de 1988 ya sugería que los recién nacidos eran capaces de reconocer la melodía de la telenovela favorita de sus madres. Otro estudio mostraba que los bebés nacían familiarizados con el lenguaje nativo de sus padres. Pero estas investigaciones estaban basadas en el análisis de la conducta de los bebés tras su nacimiento, la cual presenta problemas para ser pautada.

Esta nueva evidencia demuestra que el aprendizaje del lenguaje comienza en el útero y que la capacidad fetal de procesamiento del sonido es mayor de lo que se creía, por lo que resulta fundamental no exponer al embrión a ruidos intensos que sobreestimulen su desarrollo auditivo.
Fuente: muyinteresante.es

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