Son un colectivo vulnerable a los malos tratos, ya que muchas no son conscientes de sufrirlos o no saben adónde acudir.
MADRID. «Una chica ha tenido que cambiarse de centro. El agresor sigue en su sitio, y ella tuvo que salir de ahí». Elena Muñoz, de la asociación Afanias, se refiere a una mujer con discapacidad intelectual víctima de malos tratos, y su testimonio deja ver la complejidad de un problema que se sabe que existe pero permanece en gran parte invisible. A falta de estudios sistemáticos sobre su amplitud, investigaciones europeas y estadounidenses aportan estimaciones inquietantes de cómo la violencia machista se ceba en las mujeres con discapacidad (entres dos y cinco veces más que el resto de población femenina), y aún más en las del apartado intelectual (de cuatro a diez veces más).
Las cifras las dio Mariano Casado, presidente de la sección madrileña de la Confederación Española de Organizaciones en Favor de las Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual, en una jornada sobre el citado problema enmarcada en el programa ‘No me dañes’. Y su mensaje sobre la necesidad de sacarlo a la luz fue rotundo, porque la difusión de noticias y la divulgación de medidas para evitarlo «no tiene un efecto de imitación, sino protector».
Se trata, pues, de «informar, formar y sensibilizar al conjunto de la sociedad» y, a la vez, de facilitar al entorno de esas mujeres los «mecanismos de detección y prevención» adecuados. La tarea se complica por su doble vulnerabilidad derivada de su condición femenina y su discapacidad. Máxime cuando, como alertó la directiva de Feaps Lola Triviño, «ellas tienen dificultad para expresar» que están siendo maltratadas, «pero aún más nosotros, que no sabemos observar ni escuchar ». Para remediar tal déficit, las propias mujeres con discapacidad intelectual han participado en la adaptación en lectura fácil de un folleto «para que sepas qué es la violencia contra las mujeres, qué hacer si la sufres» y cómo «eliminarla ».
Aunque «nos cuentan pocas cosas porque piensan que no nos enteramos», remachan, «tenemos derecho a que nos den información fácil de entender de las cosas importantes». Menchu Cantón, de la asociación Rudolf Steiner, ha sacado provecho a los encuentros semanales del grupo demujeres con sus personas de apoyo. Primero, porque «hablamos también de violencia de género» y «muchas sabemos ya qué hacer si nosmolestan o maltratan ». Y sobre todo porque ahora puede «charlar con su familia de sexualidad y malos tratos». También María Ángeles García, de la asociación Afandem, recalca que «ahora sí sabría qué hacer: contarlo a alguien de confianza para que me acompañase a denunciar el caso». Y es consciente de que «el agresor puede ser cualquier persona. Por eso tenemos que estar todos muy alerta».
Los datos
58%de la violencia machista se relaciona con valores culturales asociados a la discapacidad, como la estigmatización y la restricción de libertades,mientras que el 13,5% semanifiesta en maltrato físico y sexual frecuente. Frente a ello, las denuncias son bajísimas (5,9%), sobre todo por miedo.
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