Una investigación demuestra que las revistas de historietas ayudan en la alfabetización de los niños
Si usted cree que las historietas son un género subliterario y de mala calidad para los niños, piénselo nuevamente. Los libros de cómics y las novelas gráficas podrían ser la llave para promover la literatura de prosa en los varones, quienes tradicionalmente se quedan atrás en la lectura con respecto a las niñas, según el Consejo Canadiense de Aprendizaje (CCL por sus siglas en inglés).
Los hallazgos externos resumidos en el último artículo del CCL, “Lecciones de aprendizaje”, afirman que un mito común sobre las historietas es que leerlas podría reemplazar a otros géneros. Contrariamente, la investigación demuestra que los varones que leen historietas también tienden a leer más materiales de texto y muestran mayores niveles de afición por la lectura comparados con varones que no leen cómics.
De hecho, hay evidencias de que los libros de historietas actúan como un “pasaje” a otros géneros y pueden ayudar a que los jóvenes logren la transición del leguaje coloquial al lenguaje formal escrito, según la investigación compilada por CCL.
Otro mito es que el elemento visual de las historietas las hacen más acordes a lectores inmaduros. Pero los cómics en realidad pueden ayudar a los lectores a desarrollar un número de habilidades literarias y del lenguaje muy útiles, según demuestra la investigación.
“Durante décadas, las pruebas han mostrado que los niños tienen un desempeño bajo en el nivel de lectura y no disfrutan tanto de la lectura como las niñas”, explica el Dr. Paul Cappon, presidente y CEO de CCL.
“Tal como deja en claro el nuevo artículo, las historietas y las novelas gráficas tienen un potencial sin explotar para tratar esta disparidad al promover una mejor alfabetización entre los varones jóvenes”.
Según la Organización para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación Económico (OECD, en inglés), los cómics son el segundo material de lectura más popular para los varones después de los periódicos o las revistas. Otras investigaciones muestran que el 75% de los niños en edad escolar informó leer historietas, en comparación con solo el 50% de las niñas.
A pesar de esto, las encuestas muestran que muchos educadores aún consideran que las historietas no son un material de lectura adecuado, juzgándolas como baratas, desechables y de mala calidad, dice CCL.
Después de su debut hace más de 75 años, las historietas fueron acusadas de una serie de males sociales –desde comportamiento inmoral a delincuencia juvenil- y han sido objeto de desprecio e incluso censura.
Sin embargo, en los últimos años, los cómics han ganado un nivel de reconocimiento sin precedentes; algunos se han convertido en éxitos de taquilla de Hollywood y otros cosecharon galardones literarios, como el Premio Pulitzer al Arte a “Maus: La historia de un sobreviviente”, de Spiegelman y el Premio Guardian First Book para “Jimmy Corrigan” de Chris Ware.
Las historietas tuvieron su época dorada en las décadas de 1930 y 1940. Pero ciertas reglas establecidas por la Autoridad de Códigos de Cómics en Estados Unidos en la década de 1950 llevó a la cancelación de muchos títulos, incluyendo a la mayoría de la línea tenebrosa de EC Comics, que incluía “La Cripta del Horror” y “Cuentos de la Cripta”, que hoy en día son considerados clásicos del género.
CCL dice que la investigación de los hábitos de lectura de los varones sugiere que estos podrían estar menos interesados en leer debido a que sus intereses literarios –los cuales incluyen ciencia ficción, fantasía, historias de aventuras, manuales de “como hacer” e historietas– no tienen representación en sus escuelas y salones de clases.
Incluso antes de que los niños estén preparados para leer texto, las historietas pueden darles práctica en entender el material impreso en una página, recorrer de izquierda a derecha y de arriba hacia abajo, y deducir lo que ocurre en los cuadros individuales de una historia, según CCL.
Leer historietas puede desarrollar muchas de las habilidades literarias que se obtienen al leer libros de prosa, tales como la habilidad de seguir una secuencia de eventos, la habilidad de conectar lo que se narra con experiencias propias del lector, la habilidad de predecir lo que ocurrirá luego, y la habilidad de interpretar símbolos.
Gracias a su fuerte elemento visual, los cómics también tienen potencial como ayuda didáctica para quienes están aprendiendo un segundo idioma y para estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje.
“Es claro que las historietas se han convertido en una parte innegable y potencialmente poderosa de nuestra sociedad y nuestra cultura”, dijo Cappon. “Teniendo en cuenta la evidencia, es momento de que los educadores y los padres dejen de lado cualquier recelo que puedan tener y tomen a los cómics como una herramienta positiva de enseñanza y aprendizaje”.
Por Joan Delaney – La Gran Época
Fuente: Lagranepoca.com
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