Las enfermedades no transmisibles como los padecimientos cardiovasculares, algunos tipos de cáncer, diabetes y las enfermedades crónicas del pulmón causan dos terceras partes de las muertes en el mundo, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
En 2011 murieron 55 millones de personas en el mundo: más del 60% de ellas a causa de enfermedades no transmisibles, el 15% a causa de enfermedades transmisibles, perinatales y nutrimentales y el 9% a causa de lesiones.
Las condiciones cardiovasculares se mantuvieron como la principal causa de muerte entre el año 2000 y 2011.
Las principales causas de muertes como enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes y enfermedades pulmonares están relacionadas con hábitos como tabaquismo, sedentarismo y una dieta poco saludable. Y se han mantenido entre las 10 principales causas de defunciones durante la última década.
Para los países con ingresos altos, las defunciones se registran principalmente en personas mayores de 70 años y están relacionadas con cardiopatías isquémicas, infartos cerebrales y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva. Por su parte, en los países con ingresos bajos, las muertes ocurren principalmente en la población menor de 15 años a causa de infecciones, VIH/sida, diarrea, malaria y tuberculosis.
El 99% de las muertes en niños menores de cinco años ocurrió en países con ingresos medianos o bajos. Y las principales causas de muerte fueron: neumonía, diarrea, asfixia y trauma durante el nacimiento.
La tuberculosis se encuentra entre las 15 enfermedades que causan más muertes en el mundo y se registraron 280,000 muertes maternas en 2011.
Según el Banco Mundial, México es un país de ingresos medios y altos y las principales causas de muertes para estas naciones son: apoplejías, enfermedades isquémicas del corazón, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y cáncer de tráquea, pulmón y bronquios.
Fuente: cnnespanol.cnn.com
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