Los niños que nacen con Síndrome de Down son sumamente especiales y más vulnerables a riesgos frecuentes que otros niños, un claro ejemplo es que tienen el doble de probabilidades de desarrollar obesidad debido a diferentes causas, una de las teorías indica que es a causa de las diferencias fisiológicas del metabolismo de estos niños o la forma en la que su organismo controla el apetito, mientras que muchos indican que es por diferencias conductuales o por la poca actividad física que realizan.
Las cifras indican que 1 de cada cuatro niños con Síndrome de Down tiene hoy en día un caso grave de sobrepeso y obesidad, algo que responde al doble de lo que se indica en la población general pediátrica. Al respecto la doctora Helma van Gameren-Oosterom, autora principal de un nuevo estudio de la Organización Holandesa para la Investigación Científica Aplicada de Leiden, explica:
“Nos alarmó la elevada prevalencia del sobrepeso en los niños con síndrome de Down”…”Claro que sabíamos que la prevalencia de la obesidad está creciendo, pero este resultado para el estándar holandés era inesperado”.
Estudios que se desarrollaron con anterioridad sobre niños down habían demostrado ya que ellos son sumamente propensos a tener desórdenes en el peso ya que aumentan con gran facilidad, pero aun se desconoce a ciencia cierta los factores que se combinan para generar esta marcada tendencia, solamente se tienen desarrolladas teorías que intentan explicar las causas, ha asegurado la doctora Sheela Magge, endocrinóloga del Hospital de Niños de Filadelfia y que no participó del estudio.
Durante la investigación se compararon los patrones de crecimiento de un grupo formado por 659 niños con Síndrome de Down y otro grupo de niños que no tenían problemas de salud, usando para eso la información de la población general juvenil correspondiente a los Países Bajos, y se hicieron cálculos en relación al índice de masa corporal a cada uno de los niños para determinar los casos en los que había sobrepeso u obesidad.
Teniendo en cuenta que las proporciones corporales de los niños con la enfermedad son diferentes a los niños que no la tienen se calcularon los ïndices de masa corporal y se pudo comprobar que el 25,5% de los niños varones con síndrome de Down tenía sobrepeso y que el 4,2% era obeso. En las niñas nmada menos que el 32% tenía sobrepeso y el 5,1% de las niñas down tenía obesidad según se pudo comprobar. Los niños que representaban el resto de la población mostraron índices más bajos, 12,3% de los varones tenía sobrepeso mientras que las niñas representaban el 14,7%, y en lo que respecta a la sobrepeso excesivo, los niños indicaron un 1,7% y las niñas un 2,2% de obesidad.
Fuente: pequelia.es
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