Un estudio publicado a primeros de 2013 en la revista Computers in Human Behavior indica que entrenar la memoria de trabajo en los niños puede serles de gran ayuda.
La memoria de trabajo es una capacidad cognitiva que nos permite mantener y manipular la información en la mente a pesar de distracciones o interferencias, mientras la utilizamos para realizar una actividad. Es lo que se pone en marcha cuando mantenemos una conversación o cuando debemos recordar un número de teléfono que nos han dicho hasta poder escribirlo. Esta habilidad se desarrolla de forma importante durante la infancia y se la ha relacionado con dificultades de aprendizaje como las de la lectura y las matemáticas.
La investigación realizada por Alloway y sus colaboradores, tenía como objetivo analizar el efecto del entrenamiento en memoria de trabajo sobre otras funciones cognitivas y el rendimiento académico en niños con dificultades de aprendizaje. El entrenamiento se hizo por ordenador con varios juegos de memoria durante ocho semanas. Para calcular los cambios, se evaluó a los niños antes y después de la intervención así como tras ocho meses. Se comparó al grupo experimental que realizó un entrenamiento intenso (cuatro días a la semana) con dos grupos control, uno activo que entrenó sólo un día semanal, y otro pasivo, sin entrenamiento.
Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de entrenamiento intenso mejoró significativamente más que los otros dos en pruebas de memoria de trabajo verbal y visual, en habilidades verbales, deletreo y en una medida de inteligencia. Además, los efectos se mantuvieron hasta ocho meses después del entrenamiento. Los autores plantean, como una posible explicación que el entrenamiento puede aumentar la eficiencia neural, es decir, que se necesiten menos recursos a nivel cerebral para realizar una actividad mental.
Una vez más los datos parecen ir en favor de las ventajas de entrenar las funciones cognitivas y a cualquier edad, con el objetivo de conseguir dar lo mejor de nosotros mismos.
Fuente: muyinteresante.es
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